DirectEmigreren
Chapter 4 of 15

Paperwork & Visa

Skilled visa (subclass 189/190/491), PR pathway, points system, SkillSelect

Summary

The Australian immigration system is one of the strictest and most structured in the world. It revolves around a points system where you need a minimum of 65 points, but in practice 80-95 points are needed to receive an invitation. The process runs through SkillSelect, a digital platform where you submit an Expression of Interest (EOI). This chapter explains all visa options, points criteria, and the step-by-step process.

What you need to know

Main visa types for Dutch citizens

Subclass 189 — Skilled Independent Visa

  • Permanent residence, no sponsorship required
  • Points-based (minimum 65, practically 85-95)
  • Your occupation must be on the Medium and Long-term Strategic Skills List (MLTSSL)
  • You can live and work anywhere in Australia
  • Cost: AUD 4,640 (primary applicant, 2025)
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Knowledge Base

Glossary
  • TFN (Tax File Number)

    The Australian tax number. Essential for working (otherwise 47% tax is withheld), opening a bank account and superannuation. Apply at the ATO after arrival.

  • Medicare (Australia)

    The Australian public healthcare system. Covers GP visits, hospital care and medicines (via PBS). The Netherlands has an agreement with Australia — you can access Medicare with your EHIC.

  • Superannuation (Super)

    The Australian mandatory pension savings. Your employer deposits 11.5% of your salary into a super fund. You can choose your super fund. When leaving Australia you can (partially) claim your super back.

  • ABN (Australian Business Number)

    The Australian business number for self-employed and businesses. Free to apply for. Without an ABN, 47% no-ABN withholding tax is withheld on payments.

  • Centrelink (Government Services)

    The Australian government service for social benefits: unemployment, child benefit, care allowances. Access via myGov. Wait times are notoriously long.

  • ATO (Australian Taxation Office)

    The Australian tax office. Tax year runs from July 1 to June 30. Returns due by October 31 (or later via a tax agent). Many Australians use a tax agent.

  • Skilled Visa (subclass 189/190/491)

    The main visa categories for skilled migrants. 189 = independent, 190 = state-nominated, 491 = regional. Your occupation must be on the Skilled Occupation List.

  • PAYG (Pay As You Go)

    The Australian payroll tax system: your employer withholds tax directly. As a self-employed person you pay PAYG instalments (quarterly prepayments).

  • PBS (Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme)

    The Australian medicine subsidy program. Subsidizes medicine costs. With Medicare you pay maximum ~$31 per prescription (or ~$7.70 with concession card).

  • myGov (Government Portal)

    The central online portal for Australian government services: ATO, Medicare, Centrelink. Comparable to MijnOverheid.nl. Create an account as soon as you have a TFN.

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